标准与专利池:使用专利许可领导市场
Standardization and Patent Pools: Using Patent Licensing to Lead
the Market
摘要 解释了为什么以利润为目的的公司参与标准化活动和特别关注标准与专利的关系,并从经济学角度,使用反公共的悲剧和跨越式发展的概念分析了这个问题。反公共的悲剧解释了为什么公司交叉授权他们的专利许可以及为什么标准化组织的专利政策包含交叉授权。跨越式发展解释了为什么拥有为实施标准的必要专利的公司将他们的专利许可授予没有相关专利的公司。通过向外授予专利许可,公司在短期内可以获得经济利益,在长期可以获得影响市场发展的战略机会,并为民营公司提供一些建议。
关键词 标准 专利池 专利许可
Abstract:This paper explains why profit-seeking companies participate in standardization
activities and patent pools, and paying special attention to the relation between
standards and patents. It examines the question from the perspective of economic
theory using the concepts of the tragedy of the anti-commons and leapfrogging. The
tragedy of the anti-commons explains why companies cross-license their patents and
the patent policies of standardization organizations imply cross-licensing. The
leapfrogging describes why companies who own essential patents to implement
standards license their patents to companies who have no related patent.By granting
licenses to others, companies are rewarded in the short term with economic benefits,and
in the long term with strategic opportunities to exert influence on market trends. In the
final section, recommendations are given to private companies, based on the
considerations given in this paper.
Keywords: standard; patent pool; patent licensing
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